Variación secular de los nacimientos, peso y longitud al nacer: perspectiva local / Secular variation of births, weight and length at birth: Local perspective

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de los nacimientos y medidas antropométricas al nacer entre 1974-2011 en el Hospital de Limache, Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Pacientes y métodos: Se construyeron series de tiempo de nacimientos, peso y longitud al nacer, peso y talla baja al nacer. Se modelaron las tendencias con regresiones multivariadas usándose splines para representar los cambios de tendencia por década. Resultados: La serie comprende 17.574 nacimientos. Hubo un aumento de los nacimientos/año en los 70 (30/año) y disminución de 17 y 22 nacimientos/año en los 80 y 90 (p < 0,001); después, sin tendencia significativa. Los recién nacidos entre 2000-2011 registran 266 g más que los de la década de los 70 (p < 0,001), alcanzando actualmente en promedio 3.530 g. El bajo peso al nacer disminuyó de 8% en los 70 a 1,1% después de 2000. La longitud al nacer incrementó 1 cm en 37 años, con disminución de la talla baja de 7,6% a 2,1% en el periodo estudiado. Conclusión: Los nacimientos en el Hospital de Limache disminuyeron y las medidas antropométricas al nacer mejoraron; sin embargo, hay que considerar los posibles sesgos que distorsionan estas estimaciones.

Objective: To analyse the outcomes of births and anthropometric measurements at birth of children born between 1974 and 2011 at Limache Hospital (Valparaíso, Chile). Patients and method: Times series were constructed of births, weight and length at birth, and low weight and length at birth. The trend was modelled with linear and logistical regressions using splines to represent breaks in the trend by decade. Results: The series includes 17,574 births. There was an increase in births per year in the 1970s (30/year) and declines in them to 17 and 22 births/year in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively (P < .001), with no significant trend thereafter. Newborns from 2000 to 2011 weighed 266 grams more than those in the 1970s (P < .001), and have now reached a mean weight of 3,530 g. Low birthweight fell from 8% in the 1970s to 1.1% after 2000. Birth length increased by 1 cm in the 37 years studied, with a reduction of low birth length from 7.6% to 2.1% during the period. Conclusion: Live births in the Limache Hospital declined, and anthropometric measurements at birth improved in the years analysed. This information is useful in developing interventions, taking into account the possible selection biases that could distort these estimates and their interpretation.

¹H NMR metabonomics study of pancreatic extracts from insulin-resistant rats induced by fructose feeding / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the metabolic changes of pancreatic extracts from insulin-resistant rats induced by fructose feeding using nuclear magnetic resonance ¹H spectroscopy (¹H NMR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen Wistar rats were divided equally into control group and model group and given water and 10% fructose water for 8 weeks, respectively. The pancreatic tissues were then obtained for H NMR spectra analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control rats, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased creatine, betaine/TMAO, taurine, glycine and myo-inositol and decreased levels of lipids, lactate, glutamate, choline and GPC/PC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>¹H NMR and pattern recognition can define the metabolic characteristics of the pancreatic tissue extracts from insulin-resistant rats and provide reliable metabolic evidence for studying the mechanisms of insulin resistance at the molecular level.</p>

Differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-secreting cells induced by regenerating pancreatic extract / 生物工程学报

In this study, the natural biological inducer, rat regenerating pancreatic extract (RPE), was used to induce human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into insulin-secreting cells. We excised 60% of rat pancreas in order to stimulate pancreatic regeneration. RPE was extracted and used to induce hAMSCs at a final concentration of 20 microg/mL. The experiment methods used were as follows: morphological-identification, dithizone staining, immumofluorescence analysis, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and insulin secretion stimulated by high glucose. The results show that the cell morphology of passge3 hAMSCs changed significantly after the induction of RPE, resulting in cluster shape after induction for 15 days. Dithizone staining showed that there were scarlet cell masses in RPE-treated culture. Immumofluorescence analysis indicated that induced cells were insulin-positive expression. RT-PCR showed the positive expression of human islet-related genes Pdx1 and insulin in the induced cells. The result of insulin secretion stimulated by high glucose indicated that insulin increasingly secreted and then kept stable with prolongation of high glucose stimulation. In conclusion, hAMSCs had the potential to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells induced by RPE in vitro.

A Case of Occupational Rhinitis Caused by Porcine Pancreatic Extract Developing into Occupational Asthma

Porcine pancreatic extracts (PPE), which are widely used as a digestive drug in Korea, are composed of alpha-amylase and lipase. Such enzymes are commonly described as occupational allergens. This is the first report of occupational rhinitis caused by PPE developing into occupational asthma in a hospital nurse. She showed strong positive response in the skin prick test (SPT) (5+, wheal ratio of allergen to histamine) and had a high serum-specific IgE level to PPE, but showed a negative response in the methacholine bronchial challenge test (MBT). She had been exposed to PPE intermittently with intermittent medications for rhinitis. Two years later, she presented with rhinitis and additional asthmatic symptoms. In contrast to her first visit, she showed a positive response in the MBT, and developed bronchoconstriction in the PPE-bronchial provocation test (BPT). These findings suggest that inhalation of PPE powder can induce IgE-mediated occupational rhinitis in a hospital setting, which will develop into occupational asthma if avoidance is not complete.

Insufuciência exócrina do pâncreas / Pancreatic disorders

O pâncreas tem um papel importante no processo digestivo, levando à síndrome de má-absorção quando sofre processos patológicos (inflamatórios ou neoplasicos). São apresentadas várias etiologias possíveis para o desencadear da insuficiência exócrina pancreática. É discutida também a insuficiência exócrina do pâncreas secundária à pancreatite crônica. Os autores finalizam, analisando o tratamento atual diante do nosso arsenal terapêutico.

The role of Wobe-Mugos in reducing acute sequele of radiation in head and neck cancers--a clinical phase-III randomized trial.

Oral enzymes act as a potent antiinflammatory, antiedematous agents thereby decreasing acute toxigenic effect of radiation and increasing compliance, quality of life of our patients. Fifty patients were randomized 25 allocated in enzyme and radiotherapy arm, 25 in radiotherapy alone. Pre RT and post RT biopsies were taken from both arms. In our study it was found that there was clinical, histopathological as well as statistical significant difference in both arms. The enzyme arm patients had mucostis of grade I in 76%, grade II in 12%, grade III in 8% while as 8% had grade I, 68% grade II, 24% had grade III in RT arm alone. In enzyme patients skin reactions of grade I in 72%, 20% had grade II, 8% had grade III. In control arm 12% had grade I, 76% had grade II, 8% had grade III skin reaction.

Fibrosis quística: logrando una sobrevida cada vez mayor: parte I / Cystic fibrosis: getting a more great survival: part I

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad genética de tipo autosómica recesiva que afecta el transporte de cloro de las células epiteliales de múltiples órganos. Las manifestaciones gastrointestinales son diversas, con disfunciones del páncreas, hígado y vía biliar. No solamente la alteración pancreática sino también la alteración pulmonar y gastrointestinal contribuyen al deterioro nutricional. Una terapia nutricional agresiva puede normalizar el crecimiento en la mayoría de los pacientes y mejorar la función pulmonar. La terapia genética es, potencialmente, el tratamiento definitivo de la enfermedad pulmonar. En este artículo y en uno que le continuará, presentamos una revisión muy actual sobre esta patología que todo pediatra debería conocer y estar preparado para diagnosticar

Actividad enzimática de diferentes suplementos pancreáticos: estudios "in vitro" para determinar los compuestos con mayor efecto terapéutico / Enzymatic activity of different pancreatic supplements: \"in vitro\" studies to determine the compounds with greater therapeutic effect

El tratamiento substitutivo de la insuficiencia pancreática exocrina requiere la administración de suplementos pancreáticos cuya capacidad enzimática no siempre es conocida. En este trabajo medimos "in vitro" la actividad de amilasa, lipasa y tripsina de 16 suplementos pancreáticos disponibles en México y 9 extranjeros. La actividad de amilasa se midió con un método cromogénico y la de lipasa y tripsina se determinó mediante titulación automática a un pH estático y temperatura de 37-C. Todos los compuestos estudiados mostraron actividad enzimática pero ésta varió notablemente entre ellos. En general los productos extranjeros fueron más potentes. Entre los mexicanos el Pankreon Forte, Nutrizym C, Pankreoflat, Cotazym y Pancreatine fueron los que tuvieron mayor actividad de lipasa. Los dos primeros, junto con el Metozyme, Onoton y Ochozym tuvieron las mayores actividades de tripsina. Antes de prescribir un producto, se deberá considerar la actividad enzimática además del costo, presentación, disponibilidad y asociación con otras substancias con posibles efectos indeseables